Earnings call transcript: Tronox Q3 2025 results miss expectations

Tronox Holdings PLC reported its Q3 2025 earnings, revealing a larger-than-expected loss, with an EPS of -$0.46 against a forecast of -$0.21, marking a significant surprise of 119.05%. The company’s revenue also fell short of expectations at $699 million versus the anticipated $740.4 million, a miss of 5.59%. Following the announcement, Tronox’s stock declined by 7.52% in premarket trading, reflecting investor disappointment.

Key Takeaways

• Tronox reported a substantial EPS miss, with a 119.05% negative surprise.
• Revenue fell short of forecasts by 5.59%, totaling $699 million.
• The stock dropped by 7.52% in premarket trading, indicating negative investor sentiment.
• The company faces challenges such as weaker demand and competitive pressures.

Company Performance

Tronox experienced a challenging quarter, with revenue declining by 13% year-over-year to $699 million. The company reported a net loss of $99 million, highlighting ongoing difficulties in demand and competitive dynamics. Despite these challenges, Tronox continues to focus on strategic initiatives, including its rare earth strategy and cost improvement programs.

Financial Highlights

• Revenue: $699 million, down 13% YoY
• Net Loss: $99 million
• Adjusted EBITDA: $74 million, representing a 10.6% margin
• Free Cash Flow: -$137 million

Earnings vs. Forecast

Tronox’s actual EPS of -$0.46 was significantly below the forecasted -$0.21, resulting in a 119.05% negative surprise. This miss is substantial compared to previous quarters, indicating a worsening financial performance. Revenue also missed expectations by 5.59%, reflecting ongoing market challenges.

Market Reaction

Following the earnings announcement, Tronox’s stock price fell by 7.52% in premarket trading, dropping to $2.95. This decline is significant given the stock’s 52-week range of $2.87 to $12.84, highlighting investor concerns over the company’s financial health and future prospects.

Outlook & Guidance

For Q4 2025, Tronox expects revenue and adjusted EBITDA to remain relatively flat compared to Q3. The company anticipates a 3-5% increase in TiO2 volumes and a 15-20% increase in zircon volumes. Looking ahead to 2026, Tronox plans to keep capital expenditures under $275 million and focus on cost reduction and potential pricing improvements.

Executive Commentary

CEO John Romano expressed optimism about a market recovery, stating, "We do believe that we are on the front end of a recovery." He emphasized the company’s commitment to cost-saving measures, noting, "This is not something that we are just talking about. It is something that has become ingrained in what we do every day."

Risks and Challenges

• Weaker demand and competitive pressures remain significant challenges.
• The company is navigating a prolonged down cycle in the TiO2 market.
• Operational challenges include temporary plant shutdowns and reduced operating rates.
• Global economic uncertainties and trade dynamics could impact performance.

Q&A

During the earnings call, analysts inquired about the impact of anti-dumping duties in India and the company’s rare earth strategy. Tronox also addressed questions about its competitive landscape and market recovery potential, providing insights into its strategic initiatives and cost-saving measures.

Full transcript - Tronox Holdings PLC (TROX) Q3 2025:

Call Operator: This call is being recorded. If you have any objections, please disconnect at this time. I would now like to turn the call over to Jennifer Guenther, Chief Sustainability Officer, Head of Investor Relations and External Affairs. Jennifer, please go ahead.

Jennifer Guenther, Chief Sustainability Officer, Head of Investor Relations and External Affairs, Tronox: Thank you. Good morning and welcome to our third quarter 2025 earnings call. Today, a friendly reminder that comments made on this call and the information provided in our presentation and on our website include certain statements that are forward-looking and subject to various risks and uncertainties, including but not limited to the specific factors summarized in our SEC filings. This information represents our best judgment based on what we know today. However, actual results may vary based on these risks and uncertainties. The company undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements. During the conference call, we will refer to certain non-US GAAP financial terms that we use in the management of our business and believe are useful to investors in evaluating the company’s performance. Reconciliations to their nearest US GAAP terms are provided in our earnings release and in the appendix of the accompanying presentation.

Additionally, please note that all financial comparisons made during the call are on a year-over-year basis unless otherwise noted. On the call today are John Romano, Chief Executive Officer, and John Srivisal, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer. You can find the slides we will be using on our website. It is now my pleasure to turn the call over to John Romano. John?

John Romano, Chief Executive Officer, Tronox: Thanks, Jennifer, and good morning, everyone. We’ll begin this morning on slide four with some key messages from the quarter. Our third quarter results were shaped by ongoing challenges associated with a weaker demand than forecasted, downstream destocking above what we expected, and heightened competitive dynamics in both Tier 2 and zircon markets. While our competitors’ insolvency proceedings are expected to benefit Tronox’s future sales volumes, we saw a temporary headwind in the third quarter with more aggressive liquidation of inventory at below-market pricing. We have made headway in securing tariffs against Chinese dumping, though late in the quarter we encountered an unexpected hurdle in India when a state court temporarily stayed anti-dumping duties. The zircon market also experienced headwinds beyond our expectations, particularly in China, where both pricing and volumes continued to face pressure.

In addition, we had a sizable shipment of zircon that rolled from Q3 to Q4 at the end of September. We recognize the importance of safeguarding our cash flow, and our cost improvement program is ahead of schedule. We are now on track to deliver in excess of $60 million in annualized savings by the end of 2025. We expect to reach our $125-$175 million annualized savings goal by the end of 2026. Separately, we have targeted operational actions to manage near-term cash flow. These include the temporary idling of our Fuzhou pigment plant and adjustments at our Stallingborough pigment plant, where we lowered operating rates and are accelerating plant maintenance to align inventory with current market conditions. At our Namaqua smelter operation, we temporarily idled one furnace and will soon initiate a temporary shutdown of our West mine.

These actions are intended to reduce inventory and enhance cash flow, supported by our new East OFS mine, which will begin commissioning November 17, supplying higher-grade heavy mineral concentrate into our network. We will continue to assess further measures across mining and pigment sites to ensure production remains closely aligned with prevailing market conditions. Combined, these initiatives are anticipated to generate an estimated cash benefit of approximately $25-$30 million in the fourth quarter, positioning us for free cash flow in the fourth quarter and 2026. On the commercial front, we’re driving targeted initiatives to monetize inventory throughout our value chain. Additionally, we strengthened our balance sheet by raising $400 million in senior secured notes, boosting our available liquidity. We are continuing to actively evaluate all available levers to generate cash, reinforce our operational foundation, and continue supporting our customers as a strategic global supplier.

Despite the unforeseen obstacles in the third quarter, there are reasons for optimism. Anti-dumping measures continue to gradually improve our penetration and growth in protected markets. We’re pleased that Brazil finally finalized their duties two weeks ago, increasing them significantly for major importers compared to provisional duties. Likewise, Saudi Arabia has now implemented definitive anti-dumping duties at rates comparable to the European Union, and we expect India’s duties to be reinstated in the near future. Additionally, increased focus by the West on diversifying away from China and rare earths presents a unique opportunity for Tronox. Our mining operations in Australia and South Africa contain substantial amounts of monazite, a rare earth mineral containing heavy and light rare earths, which can be processed for downstream use in permanent magnets.

We are continuing to action on what we can control and influence, reinforcing the business through our cost reduction and cash improvement actions and creating long-term shareholder value. I’ll speak to these actions in more detail a little bit later in the call, but for now, I’ll turn the call over to John for a review of our financials in the quarter in more detail. John?

John Srivisal, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Tronox: Thank you, John. Turning to slide five. We generated revenue of $699 million, a decrease of 13% versus the prior year third quarter, driven by lower sales volumes and unfavorable pricing for both TiO2 and zircon. We also had lower sales of other products as compared to the prior year. Loss from operations was $43 million in the quarter, and we reported a net loss attributable to Tronox of $99 million, including $27 million of restructuring and other charges primarily related to the closure of Botlek. While our loss before tax was $92 million, our tax expense was $8 million in the quarter as we do not realize tax benefits in jurisdictions where we are incurring losses. Adjusted diluted earnings per share was a loss of $0.46. Adjusted EBITDA in the quarter was $74 million, and our adjusted EBITDA margin was 10.6%.

Free cash flow was a use of $137 million, including $80 million of capital expenditures. Now let’s move to the next slide for a review of our commercial performance. As John covered earlier, in the third quarter, we saw further demand weakness and heightened competition, putting pressure on TiO2 and zircon sales. TiO2 revenues decreased 11% versus the year-ago quarter, driven by an 8% decrease in volumes and a 5% decline in average selling prices, partially offset by a 2% favorable exchange rate impact. Sequentially, TiO2 sales declined 6%, driven by a 4% decrease in volumes and a 3% decrease in price, partially offset by a favorable 1% exchange rate impact from the euro. Europe, the Middle East, and North America saw sharper seasonal declines amid market weakness, destocking, and competitive pressures.

Latin America experienced typical seasonal uplift, although weaker than expected, while Asia-Pacific growth was muted by competition and a temporary stay on India anti-dumping duties. Zircon revenues decreased 20% compared to the prior year due to a 16% decrease in price, including mix, and a 4% decline in volumes, driven by continued demand weakness, primarily in China. Sequentially, zircon revenues decreased 13%, driven by a 7% decrease in volumes and a 6% decrease in price, including mix. Revenue from other products decreased 21% compared to the prior year due to higher sales volumes in the prior year. Sequentially, other revenue increased 18%, reflecting higher sales of pig iron and heavy mineral concentrate tailings in the third quarter. Turning to the next slide, I will now review our operating performance for the quarter.

Our adjusted EBITDA of $74 million represented a 48% decline year-on-year as a result of unfavorable commercial impacts, higher freight costs, and higher production costs, partially offset by exchange rate tailwinds and SG&A savings. Sequentially, adjusted EBITDA declined 20%. Unfavorable average selling prices, including mix, lower sales volume of Tier 2 and zircon, higher production costs, and unfavorable exchange rate impacts were partially offset by the sale of heavy mineral concentrate tailings and SG&A savings. Production costs were unfavorable by $4 million compared to the prior year and $7 million unfavorable compared to Q2. Both were a result of unfavorable LCM and idle facility adjustments due to lower pricing and higher costs from reduced operating rates. These were partially offset by lower cost tons sold in the quarter as a result of the self-help actions that we initiated with our Sustainable Cost Improvement Program.

Without these proactive actions, the headwinds would have been more significant. Turning to the next slide. As John mentioned earlier, we raised $400 million of secured notes in the third quarter to enhance available liquidity and repay borrowings under our revolving credit facilities. With that, we ended the quarter with total debt of $3.2 billion and net debt of $3.0 billion. Our net leverage ratio at the end of September was 7.5 times on a trailing 12-month basis. Our weighted average interest rate in Q3 was approximately 6%, and we maintained interest rate swaps such that approximately 77% of our interest rates are fixed through 2028. Importantly, our next significant debt maturity is not until 2029. We also do not have any financial covenants on our term loans or bonds. We do have one springing financial covenant on our US revolver that we do not expect to trigger.

Liquidity as of September 30 was $664 million, including $185 million in cash and cash equivalents that are well distributed across the globe that we are able to move around with little to no frictional cost. Working capital was a use of approximately $55 million, excluding $30 million of restructuring payments related to the closure of our Botlek site. This was due to the decrease in accounts payable driven by lower purchases and cash improvement actions and increase in accounts receivable. Changes in inventories was a much lower source of cash than expected as a result of lower sales volumes. Our capital expenditures totaled $80 million in the quarter, with approximately 59% allocated to maintenance and safety and 41% almost exclusively dedicated to the mining extensions in South Africa to sustain our integrated cost advantage.

We returned $20 million to shareholders in the form of dividends paid in the third quarter. The Q4 dividend reflects the updated $0.05 per share level. I want to reaffirm our commitment to improving cash flow and optimizing working capital. We are implementing targeted actions to reduce inventory through lowering production rates across all areas of our operation. We continue to maintain discipline around capital expenditures, as illustrated around our actions with the West mine. I remain confident in our ability to weather this prolonged downturn. With that, I’ll hand it back to John to review these actions in more detail. John?

John Romano, Chief Executive Officer, Tronox: Thanks, John. Turning to slide nine, as outlined at the start of the call, we have seen positive developments on anti-dumping this year. This slide summarizes the monthly Chinese exports to the four key regions that finalized duties in 2025. While India’s duties are currently stayed, we have a high level of confidence that they will be reinstated in the near future. As the data shows, the implementation of anti-dumping duties has had a measurable and meaningful impact on Chinese imports in the European Union, Brazil, and India, and we would expect to see this trend carry into Saudi Arabia as the governments reinforce their commitment to local investment and sustainability. At the peak, these markets imported a total of approximately 800,000 tons of Tier 2 from China.

While we do not anticipate this figure to go to zero, we have and expect to continue to see a meaningful reduction in exports to these markets and share growth for Tronox. As a reference, the U.S. has had tariffs in place on Tier 2 since 2018 when the Section 301 tariffs were put in place under President Trump’s first administration. Chinese exports to the region have remained consistently below 20,000 metric tons per year in a market that consumes approximately 900,000 metric tons. These developments are extremely positive for Tronox, especially as the sole domestic producer in Brazil and Saudi Arabia, and a significant participant in the European Union and Indian markets, as well as the U.S. market.

Combining this with the industry’s idled mining capacity and over 1.1 million tons of global Tier 2 supply that has been taken offline since 2023, the majority of which we believe is permanent, the industry is undergoing a structural shift that supports a supply-demand rebalance. As the most vertically integrated Tier 2 producer, Tronox is well positioned to capitalize on this opportunity created by the rebalancing of the market. Turning to slide 10. We remain actively engaged in advancing our rare earth strategy. With high concentrations of rare earth in our mineral deposits and decades of expertise in mining and mineral processing, we’re uniquely positioned to play a significant role across the value chain, from mining to upgrading. We are already mining monazite in Australia and South Africa, but our capabilities extend beyond mining.

We operate both hydro and pyrometallurgical processes and employ over 400 engineers, geologists, and metallurgists among our 6,500 employees. Combined with our global footprint, we have the flexibility to optimize where we participate along the rare earth value chain. As a part of this strategy, in October, we took a 5% equity interest in Lion Rock Minerals, a mineral exploration company whose Minta and Minta East deposits have the potential to be a major source of high-quality monazite and rutile. This investment represents an attractive opportunity with minimal overburden and has substantial potential for resource development in support of our rare earth strategy. Now turning to slide 11. I’ll review our updated outlook. We are now expecting Q4 2025 revenue and adjusted EBITDA to be relatively flat to Q3 of 2025.

This is primarily driven by weaker-than-anticipated pricing on Tier 2 and zircon as a result of more aggressive competitive activity in the market, partially offset by improving volumes across both Tier 2 and zircon. Although our outlook has been revised lower from our previous guidance, we expect fourth-quarter Tier 2 volumes to increase 3%-5%, net of a 2% volume headwind from idling our Fuzhou facility, and zircon volumes to increase 15%-20% sequentially, in part due to the rolled bulk order from Q3 to Q4. These are strong leading indicators for the fourth quarter, which is normally lower due to seasonality and directionally in line with what we would historically see on the front end of a recovery. On the cost side, we continue to execute on our cost-reducing measures, as previously outlined. Our Sustainable Cost Improvement Program is expected to exceed over $60 million.

Million of run rate savings by the end of the year. As I mentioned earlier, we have temporarily idled our Fuzhou pigment plant and one of our furnaces at our Namaqua site, lowered operating rates at Stallingborough pigment plant, and will soon initiate a temporary shutdown of our West mine. We will continue to assess further measures across mining and pigment sites to ensure production remains closely aligned with prevailing market conditions. These actions position us for positive free cash flow in the fourth quarter and 2026. With regards to our cash use items for the year, we expect the following. Net cash interest of approximately $150 million, net taxes of less than $5 million, and capital expenditures of approximately $330 million. We expect working capital to be a slight source of cash for the fourth quarter.

Turning to the next slide, I’ll review our capital allocation strategy before we move the call to Q&A. Our capital allocation priorities remain unchanged and focused on cash generation. We continue investing to maintain our assets, our vertical integration, and projects critical to furthering our strategy, including rare earths. We have taken decisive action to reduce our capital expenditures over the course of the year. For 2026, while we have some catch-up capital from delayed projects in 2025, we expect capital to be less than $275 million in a year. We continue to focus on bolstering liquidity. With the actions taken in the third quarter, we have ample liquidity to manage the business and endure market fluctuations. Last quarter, we lowered the dividend by 60% to align with the current macro environment.

As the market recovers, we will resume debt paydown, targeting mid to long-term net leverage range of less than three times. We will continue to focus on what we can control and influence and reinforce the business through cost reduction and cash improvement actions. As the most vertically integrated Tier 2 producer, Tronox is well positioned to capitalize on the opportunity created by the rebalancing of the market, evidenced by the effective anti-dumping duties and supply rationalization in the industry. I remain confident in our ability to navigate this environment and deliver meaningful value for shareholders. With that, we’ll turn the question back over to the operator for the Q&A session. Operator.

John Srivisal, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Tronox: Thank you. We will now begin the question and answer session. If you are participating in the Q&A and have joined via webinar, please use the raised hand icon, which can be found at the bottom of your webinar application screen. If you are participating in the Q&A and have joined via phone line, please press star nine on your keypad to raise your hand. When you are called upon, you will be prompted to unmute your line and ask your question. If you have joined us via phone, please dial star six to unmute yourself. We will now take a minute for the queue to roster. Our first question comes from James Cannon at UBS. James, please dial star six to unmute yourself. Thank you.

James Cannon, Analyst, UBS: Yeah, hey guys, thanks for taking my question. I think the first thing I wanted to poke on was just around some of the anti-dumping measures you’re seeing. Just given the movement with India kind of pausing their tariffs for a while, it seems like if I square that against the new measures in Brazil and Saudi Arabia, that would be a net negative in terms of market size. Can you talk about how those dynamics are playing into your volume guidance?

John Romano, Chief Executive Officer, Tronox: Yeah, thanks, James. You’re right, the Brazil market and the Saudi Arabia market collectively are, in fact, lower than the demand in India, but I will say that we have a high level of confidence that those duties are going to be reinstated. We’re hoping that’s going to happen before the end of the year. We are not, obviously, not having a facility there actively engaged in those negotiations, but we’re very informed in what’s going on, and we do believe the DGTR will make a decision prior to year-end. The duties in India are currently still being collected. If for whatever reason those duties get reinstated, nothing’s really changing. When we look at the exports, there is a bit of a headwind where we were expecting more volume in the fourth quarter.

When we think about our prior guidance, we were guiding to a higher number. We’re still guiding to 3%-5% more than what we were in the third quarter. And we’re seeing some pickup there, but not as much as we had originally anticipated. With Brazil and Saudi Arabia, we think that that is a unique opportunity. When you think about the duties that were implemented in Brazil, they were significantly higher than the provisional duties. In many instances, with the larger importers, double. So you should think about a number of around $1,200 per ton across all importers. So that’s a significant play with the sole producer there. Saudi Arabia, what I can tell you is that we were expecting that to happen, but not as soon as it did.

We are the only producer there, and we also think we’re going to have a unique opportunity there. When we start to think about those volumes and that shift that I referenced on the call and the prepared comments about Q3 numbers versus Q4 numbers, it’s not just a projection. We’re looking at our October is already complete. When we look at across every month that we’ve sold so far, if you recall, our first quarter sales were actually pretty strong. March was our strongest month, and then we saw our volumes decline because we had a lot of other destocking going on, all the things that we referenced earlier. Our October sales, which are now complete, were the second largest month this year and equivalent to the March sales. When we look into November and December, November’s trending in the same way.

We have very good vision on November and December orders. I know there’s probably some trepidation around what we’re saying with regards to confidence level on the numbers, but that 3%-5% that we’re looking at with regards to growth Q3 to Q4 is very much in our line of sight.

James Cannon, Analyst, UBS: Got it. Thanks. I just have one follow-up on the rare earths opportunity. You talked about having some capabilities with chemical conversion, but if you could give a little more detail and just unpack for us what you can do in the rare earth space in kind of the refining type downstream piece of that market and whether or not you can do that with your current footprint or that would need additional capital or a partner.

John Romano, Chief Executive Officer, Tronox: Okay. Yeah. So look on the rare earth side of the business. Obviously, we’ve been mining forever, and I made reference that mining is not the only capability that we have. So we’re already in the concentration business. So that’s just producing rare earth mineral concentrate and have historically been selling that. The next step in that value chain would be cracking and leaching. We’ve already completed a pre-feasibility study and have started a definitive feasibility study on that production. We’ve located a site where that would be in Australia. Look, moving down into refining and separation, that is work that’s going to require for us to do some work with a partner. We’re engaged with a lot of different participants across multiple jurisdictions. We have non-disclosure agreements in place, so we aren’t at liberty to elaborate on who that is. But we’re well positioned with our current.

Capacity, as well as some of the things that we referenced. We made a small investment in a company called Lion Rock Minerals. That company has a very interesting deposit. We’ve looked at it. We’ve actually sent our people there. We made the investment so that we could now validate the work that they’ve done. There’s still a lot of work to do there, but it’s not only our current mining. We’re looking longer term at how we can continue to support that growth. There will be capital involved. As we have more information, we’ll articulate that. At this particular stage, that’s about where we’ll have to close off the discussion with regards to development there.

James Cannon, Analyst, UBS: Understood. Very helpful. Thank you very much.

John Srivisal, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Tronox: Thank you. Our next question comes from Peter Osterland at Truist Securities. Peter, please dial star six to unmute your line and ask your question. Thank you.

Peter Osterland, Analyst, Truist Securities: Just wanted to ask about the steps you’re planning to do. Do you have a specific?

Call Operator: Sorry, Peter. We’re getting a little bit of a tough connection from you. Can you start at the beginning of your question again, please?

Peter Osterland, Analyst, Truist Securities: Sure. Can you hear me now?

Call Operator: Better. Thank you.

Peter Osterland, Analyst, Truist Securities: I just wanted to ask the discussion announced title at Fuzhou and lower operating rates at Stallingborough. Do you have a specific timeframe in mind at this point for how long you expect to continue this industry to? Could these actions become permanent?

John Romano, Chief Executive Officer, Tronox: Peter, I’ll try to answer your question. It was a bit broken up. It was regarding, I think, the idling of the Fuzhou plant and our actions that we took in Stallingborough. The Fuzhou plant, we idled that plant to preserve cash. The market, as we’ve talked about, all of these issues with anti-dumping are creating a lot of competitive activity inside of China. That is one of our lowest-cost plants, but it’s obviously operating in one of the lowest-priced markets. We have idled that facility. Our plan would be to probably have that offline. We’ll make decisions on what we’re going to do with that asset as the market unfolds. With regards to Stallingborough, we brought forward some maintenance and have slowed the facility down just to be in line with what the market’s doing.

I would expect in the fourth quarter, we’ll probably bring that plant back up to full rate. When you start thinking about all the things that we referenced around these structural changes, we want to make sure that we’re positioned to be able to support that inside of Europe. We have a significant position in Europe. The market in Europe has been a bit weaker in the third quarter. When we start thinking about all of the activity that’s going on around the supply-demand dynamics right now with the pickup in Q4, I do believe, and I’ve said this before, but I do believe we’re on the front end of a recovery. Front end of the recovery, you start to see demand patterns that are a bit different than what you would historically see. Q4 volumes being up 3%-4%.

When they’re seasonally normally down is a good sign for us. The next step beyond that, if we see this continuing to transition in a positive direction, we’ll start looking at pricing initiatives. I’m very encouraged by what we’re seeing in the market. Stallingborough, to be specific, is a short-term action where we brought forward some maintenance, slowed the plant down to manage inventory, but we’ll be ready to action that plant at full rates to meet the demand as it returns.

Peter Osterland, Analyst, Truist Securities: Very helpful color. Thank you. Just as a follow-up, thinking about 2026 earnings potential, targeting the $125 million-$175 million cost savings by the end of 2026, do you have an estimate of what the year-over-year EBITDA impact will be in 2026 versus 2025? What are the swing factors that would drive the low versus the high end of cost savings within that range?

John Srivisal, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Tronox: Yeah, thanks for that question, Peter. As we’ve mentioned previously, we have taken action this year on the Sustainable Cost Improvement Program, but it will take some time for it to flow through our balance sheet and to see it in our results. In 2025, there’s been tons of activity across all of our sites, all of our functions, all of operations. In 2025, it’s primarily been the lower-hanging fruit that we’ve seen in our numbers. About $10 million we’ve seen primarily in SG&A. Although, as we move into 2026, as John mentioned, we’re already on a run rate to end the year at over $60 million. We should see at least that amount in 2026. It will be more operational focused at that level, and we see it coming through in fixed costs.

John Romano, Chief Executive Officer, Tronox: Maybe just adding on to that a little bit because we’ve had a lot of questions about this Sustainable Cost Improvement Program. This is a bottoms-up process across our entire organization. At this point, we’ve identified and acted on almost 2,000 ideas across our network. Out of those, we’ve got more than 1,100 that have been planned, executed, and fully realized. We currently have 413 of those ideas that are already delivering value. When you think about how those savings kind of break out, a significant portion of those savings are coming from fixed cost reductions, and we’re making good progress on the variable side as well.

We have made some great progress on ore yield improvements at our pigment plants, thanks to some of the investments in our digital infrastructure like TOIS, which is Tronox’s operational information system, APC, and other actionable metrics, all working together now, and we are lifting and shifting those projects across our network. I am going to just add a few more bullets because I think it is important. In addition, some of our other capital investments are now starting to pay off. For example, some of the work that we did in Bunbury to upgrade our cooling and waste infrastructure is now translating into our capability to use lower head grade more efficiently. We are also realizing benefits from our energy efficiencies and investments in KZN and Namaqua with larger electrodes in our furnaces, making differences in our costs and EMV optimization across all of the mining side of our business.

Our contractor usage has been optimized, and we have significantly reduced our outside services, helping us become more efficient. We have improved our logistics and optimizations of our MSPs to produce higher-value product mixes that match current market demand and have found new opportunities to improve yield in several areas. One of the things that we are utilizing now is an app called Power BI. Every one of our people that are engaged in this process across our organization, including myself, have the ability to track these projects on a daily basis. This is not something that we are just talking about. It is something that has become ingrained in what we do every day, and we are making great progress on that front.

Peter Osterland, Analyst, Truist Securities: Very helpful. Thanks a lot.

John Srivisal, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Tronox: Thank you. Our next question comes from Vincent Andrews at Morgan Stanley. Vincent, please unmute your line and ask your question. Thank you.

Justin Pellegrino, Analyst, Morgan Stanley: Good morning, everybody. This is Justin Pellegrino on for Vincent. I just wanted to see if you could help us bridge to the positive free cash flow that you stated for 2026 and what assumptions are included within that, specifically if there’s any expectation for earnings growth and changes in working capital amongst the other cash items that have been discussed on today’s call. Thank you.

John Srivisal, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Tronox: Yeah, thanks, Justin. I’ll try to handle that. Obviously, we aren’t giving a guide on 2026 as of yet other than being free cash flow positive. Some of the biggest drivers of improvement 2025 to 2026 include, as we’ve mentioned, the Sustainable Cost Improvement Program growing from $10 million to well over $60 million year over year. We are also moving from a building of inventory in 2025 to reducing inventory. Some of that relates to the targeted operational actions that we have mentioned before, which is a $25 million-$30 million savings in Q4. That should grow to almost $50 million-$80 million, just depending on how long we keep our facilities down for. Additionally, we did mention that CapEx will be reduced, $330 million guided this year to under $275 million for next year. Finally.

As you know, we did shut down our Botlek facility, and the cash restructuring charges we do hit through free cash flow, which should be well behind us, mostly behind us in 2026. We have roughly $80 million of cash charges in 2025, much lower. Low teens or so expected in 2026. Obviously, it will depend a lot on the commercial market.

Justin Pellegrino, Analyst, Morgan Stanley: Great. Thank you. Just one more. I was hoping you could kind of talk about the higher-than-expected destocking that you saw downstream. Can you frame that just relative to historical averages? What are you hearing throughout the supply chain regarding expectations for rebuilding any sort of inventory in the channel? Thank you.

John Romano, Chief Executive Officer, Tronox: Yeah. Look, I think the destocking, in my opinion, took a little bit—it happened a little bit sooner than it would normally in the year. We were not anticipating a lot of that destocking to happen in the third quarter. Quite frankly, a significant amount of it happened in September, right at the end of the quarter. It was a bit unexpected. That being said, we think that a lot of that destocking has already taken place. When we start to look at our order pattern in the fourth quarter, a lot of it is just, I think, our customers going back to normal buying patterns. Again, when we start to think about a recovery, it is going to be different this time.

At the front end of it, it’s going to be based on a lot of this restructuring that’s happened that’s been fueled by all these anti-dumping initiatives. I mean, when you think about the duty-affected areas, including the U.S., which I noted on the call, it was actually started under the first Trump administration with the Section 301 tariffs. You’ve got markets that consume 2.7 million tons of TiO2 that now have duty impacts. That’s starting to play favorably because a lot of those markets are markets that we participate in. I know we’ve been talking about it for a long time, but it’s starting to actually show up in the numbers. That, paired with some of the competitive activity that was generated by one of our competitors that went through an insolvency, it’s our opinion that that inventory will be liquidated soon.

We’re starting to see buying patterns in the European market, which would reflect that. India, still a big market for us. The duties have been stayed. We have a high level of confidence that they’re going to come back, hopefully before the end of the year. At this particular stage, although muted from our prior expectations, we’re still seeing growth in that region. I think there’s a lot of reasons to be optimistic about where we are in this cycle. We’re three and a half years into a downturn. I can say with 100% certainty that it will turn. It’s my assumption that we’re on the front end of that at this stage.

Justin Pellegrino, Analyst, Morgan Stanley: Great. Thank you for the commentary.

John Srivisal, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Tronox: Thank you. As a reminder, if you are participating in today’s Q&A and have joined via webinar, please use the raised hand icon, which can be found at the bottom of your application screen. If you have joined us via phone line, please press star nine on your keypad to raise your hand. When you are called upon, you will be prompted to unmute your line and ask your question. If you have joined via phone, please dial star six to unmute yourself. Our next question comes from John McNulty at BMO Capital Markets. John, you may now unmute your line and ask your question. Thank you. John, that’s star six for you to unmute your line. Thank you.

Call Operator: This is John Roberts. I heard you called John McNulty, but I’m just checking whether you can hear me.

John Srivisal, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Tronox: Yep, we can hear you. Thank you.

Call Operator: Yes, we can hear you, John. Thank you. Will LB be able to use their new position in the U.K. to bring Chinese ore in and serve the rest of the European market without a tariff?

John Romano, Chief Executive Officer, Tronox: Yeah, John, look, there’s a lot left to be done with the announcement that Lomon Billions is going to be acquiring that asset in the U.K. There’s a lot of regulatory work to go through, so I would say by no means is that a slam dunk. I can’t speak to what they may do. That asset is down. The longer that asset’s down, the harder it’s going to be to be brought back up. Having done a lot of work trying to buy assets in Europe historically, I would just say there’s a lot of wood to chop there.

Call Operator: Okay. Do you have any rare earth activity going on in South Africa as well?

John Romano, Chief Executive Officer, Tronox: We mine in South Africa and Australia, and monazite is present in both deposits. What we’re doing right now is actioning the majority of what we have in Australia. Yes, we have monazite in South Africa, and some of the things that we’ve done historically, although this last sale of mineral concentrate did not have much rare earth in it, historically we have and continue to mine. As long as we’re mining in both those regions, we’re getting monazite, which has both light and heavy rare earths in it. We’re developing a process forward to monetize that in a way which we can move down the value chain. Look, Amit.

Call Operator: Thank you.

John Romano, Chief Executive Officer, Tronox: The furthest we’re going to move down that chain would probably be the refining side. The metalization and magnet production is not something that we feel we’re uniquely positioned to do. Being a mining company that’s regularly involved in mineral upgrading, it’s a natural fit for us to look at concentration, acid leaching and cracking, and refining and separation.

Call Operator: Great. Thank you.

John Srivisal, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Tronox: Thank you. Our next question comes from Roger Spitz at Bank of America Merrill Lynch. Roger, please press star six to unmute your line. Thank you.

Roger Spitz, Analyst, Bank of America Merrill Lynch: Thank you and good morning. I just want to understand. The updated guidance for either 2025. Working capital outflow and 2025 free cash flow or. Discuss the Q4 numbers. Because you’ve got. You said working capital is only a slight. Inflow, even though you’re idling all these. Assets. So can you update us on either Q4 or full year 2025, both working capital. As well as free cash flow?

John Romano, Chief Executive Officer, Tronox: I’ll start, and then I’ll let John add on to it. To be clear with the idling of the assets, obviously, it’ll be a working capital gain for us on the Fuzhou facility. Slowing down Stallingborough and bringing forward maintenance will be a benefit, and also on the furnace, because that furnace actually was idled on September 15. We’re just reporting that now. The West Mine, which is a significant process, again, we made reference that that’s going to happen as we bring on East OFS. East OFS is starting commissioning on November 17, and as we finish that commissioning, we’ll then bring that West Mine down. The West Mine, if you think about that particular asset, we had an East and a West Mine. East OFS is replacing the East Mine.

The West mine will continue to run and operate, but to preserve cash, we’re idling that as soon as we bring on East OFS. East OFS is going to have that higher-grade heavy mineral concentrate that will become into the network as we referenced on the call. John, you want to add more?

John Srivisal, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Tronox: Yeah. I think just to answer your question, I’ll give you a little more details. Through year-to-date Q3, obviously, it was significant use on working capital and free cash flow, roughly $190 million use on working capital. And about over $300 million use in free cash flow. We mentioned that we were going to be positive both on free cash flow and working capital for Q4. Obviously, maintaining that and slight improvement over both. I do think you need to look at what happened in Q3 to understand what the drivers are in Q4. As John mentioned, we did have a lot of commercial impacts negatively with the anti-dumping delays in India, with the Europe competitors and solvency, and then competitive dynamic in China and rolling of shipment on zircon from Q3 to Q4. Obviously, that zircon shipment will help us in Q4.

We did have a tailing sale in Q3. Obviously, that went to, as that happened late in the quarter, we will collect on cash on that in Q4. It should be an improvement quarter over quarter. All of that drove the fact that inventory was less of a reduction than we had expected, and so not a significant source of cash. We will see recovery. Obviously, the volumes are much higher in Q4 on both TiO2 and zircon, much more muted than what we expected, as John mentioned, but still an increase. We will see some benefit from reduction inventory. Just from an AP perspective, it was a pretty decent use in AP as well, as we did have restructuring charges of about $30 million in Q3 that will be lower in Q4.

While driving lower purchases and lower CapEx drove higher AP, we will see that revert in Q4. All that being said is we do expect Q4 free cash flow and working capital to be more significant than Q3, but roughly flat.

Roger Spitz, Analyst, Bank of America Merrill Lynch: Thank you so much for that. My follow-up is, you said you do not expect to breach your revolver maintenance covenants in Q4. Would you be able to provide either the EBITDA and/or debt headroom at the end of Q3 under that covenant?

John Srivisal, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Tronox: Yeah. Obviously, as we mentioned, we do not expect to spring the spring covenant on the US revolver. We are sitting with ample liquidity of $667 million. The test is you have to draw 35% of our revolver, which is around $50 million. Right now, we’re undrawn on that revolver. We have significant cushion to get to that point, several hundred million dollars.

John Romano, Chief Executive Officer, Tronox: When we think about all the actions that we are taking to preserve cash, and you couple that with some of the positive things we are talking about on the market, again, I made reference that the market will recover. We think we are on the front end of that, but we are taking actions that we feel are prudent at this particular stage to make sure that we have cash and that all those things that John just referenced around a covenant is not triggered ever. This is a process that we are in place. It has been a tough downturn, but we are taking actions that we need to take to manage the business through the long term.

Roger Spitz, Analyst, Bank of America Merrill Lynch: Great. Thank you very much for your time.

John Srivisal, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Tronox: Thank you. Our next question comes from Frank Mitsch at Fermium Research. Frank, you may now unmute your line and ask your question. Thank you.

Call Operator: Unmute my line.

John Srivisal, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Tronox: Yep, we can hear you. Thank you, Frank.

Call Operator: Oh, okay. All right. Great. I was close to saying something I shouldn’t. Okay.

John Romano, Chief Executive Officer, Tronox: I want to come back to the unanticipated headwinds on price for the fourth quarter on both TiO2 and zircon. For TiO2, it sounds like the competitive actions that you’re seeing from liquidation of Venator’s inventory is a large part of that. I’m just curious as to, and then also you would anticipate at some point in the future getting these duties put back on. I’m just curious from your perspective, assuming a normal coating season, when might we see instead of unanticipated headwinds on price, unanticipated tailwinds on price on TiO2? You also referenced on zircon more aggressive competitive dynamics. Can you please flesh that out a little bit for us? Yeah, thanks, Frank. On the TiO2 side of it, I’ll be specific to the competitor that was liquidating inventory. We weren’t responding to all of those liquidation events, right?

By definition, they were selling at prices that were not super attractive. All that being said, it created a lot of competitive environment, right? Others in the market were being competitive. Competitive activity was going on in the second quarter. In the third quarter, we made reference in the third quarter that we were going to regain some of our share. We were working towards that. The liquidation of the inventory was just a catalyst for more competitive activity. I do believe that a lot of that inventory is going to work its way through the system before the end of the year. We are already starting to have discussions with customers about what 2026 looks like because they want to be aligned with customers or with suppliers that are going to live beyond 2026. With the demand patterns that we are seeing right now, and again.

In 2024 and in 2025, in Q1, we saw these bump-ups and then kind of fizzled out in Q2 and Q3. Q4 is a bit different. We have not seen a swing up like this with all the things that are going on that I referenced around kind of the restructuring of the industry and the duties. We do think this is going to be a bit of a different recovery. And with demand patterns like this. If they continue, as I mentioned, our October sales are the largest sales month in the year, equivalent to where we were in March. We have very good visibility into November, December, which would also indicate that a lot of the destocking has already happened and we are getting back to normal demand patterns from our customers. The next natural thing would be pricing going in the other direction.

We’re looking at that. It would not be before the first quarter, but that is something that we’re looking at. As far as zircon goes, there was a lot of competitive activity. There has been a fair amount of heavy mineral concentrate being mined from China and other parts of Africa. Indonesia has now started to back off. Prices have gotten to the point where the Indonesian market, which is not huge, it is 60,000-70,000 tons of zircon per year, but we’re starting to see them back off on that. There are other mining projects that have been backed off on, as I referenced earlier. The zircon swing in Q3 to Q4, part of that had to do with the rolled shipment, but we’re also seeing demand start to pick up.

The last call, I made some reference around the rest of the world had kind of picked up, but China had not done much. We’re starting to see, I would say, the front end of a pickup in China as well. It may be a little bit too early to call what we might be seeing on pricing, but the demand pattern in fourth quarter is encouraging on zircon.

Call Operator: Okay. That’s very helpful. Thanks so much, John.

John Romano, Chief Executive Officer, Tronox: Thanks. Appreciate it.

John Srivisal, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Tronox: Our next question comes from Edward Brooker at Barclays. Edward, please accept the prompt and ask your question.

Justin Pellegrino, Analyst, Morgan Stanley: Hey, thanks for taking my question. I think you sort of had mentioned it as you’re going through the cash flow implications of the idling of the facilities. Are you able to provide the actual cash costs of the idling of the facilities and furnaces and then the closure of the mine that you expect?

John Romano, Chief Executive Officer, Tronox: First off, we’re not closing a mine. We’re idling the West mine. So we’re just bringing it down. We brought one furnace down at Namaqua. That furnace supplies a lot of the slag that we consume. So as we’re not producing as much TiO2, we’ve idled the furnace. We’re idling the mine. We’ll bring that mine back up when the market recovers. Our cash generation, our benefit from that idling in 2026 will largely depend on how long we bring that down, but there will be a cash positive input to that. In 2025, fourth quarter, the collective impact from an EBITDA perspective on bringing those assets down is $11 million. I think that’s really important. When you think about it, take Uzo off the table right now. We’re running just north of 80% capacity utilization.

If you recall, when we were in the last downturn running our assets at low rates, these fixed cost absorption numbers were costing us $25-$30 million a quarter. That did not include idling a mine. I want to kind of translate that back to we talk about this cost improvement program all the time. It’s hard to see in the numbers, but when you think about that LCM or that fixed cost absorption hit we’re taking in the quarter at only being $11 million, it has a lot to do with what we’re seeing in the cost improvement program. Because we’re running at similar rates, we brought a mine down, but our costs have not gone down or have not been impacted as much. John, you want to?

John Srivisal, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Tronox: Yeah. No, I think just to be clear, though, it’s an $11 million impact, as John mentioned in Q4, but that will be offset from a cash perspective by a positive $25-$30 million, as we’ve mentioned. Net Q4 will be a positive from a free cash flow basis. It was important to note that obviously we do spend a lot of time. We’ve said before we have a 30-year mine plan, but equally as important is really the handoff we have between mines. The reason why we ran the West mine for a little bit longer and did not execute on that earlier in the year is really facilitated by the fact that our new East OFS mine is coming online. That is why you kind of see that bridge be much more.

Cost-effective than you would have had you just had a sharp cutoff of that mine.

Justin Pellegrino, Analyst, Morgan Stanley: Got it. Just my next question. Can you dive a little further into why you feel so confident that India will reinstate those duties? If they do not, are there any contingency plans for the region?

John Romano, Chief Executive Officer, Tronox: I’ll start off with the last question. India is the second largest country that we sell into. We have currently a 10% duty advantage because we’re supplying India out of Australia. There’s a free trade agreement between Australia and India. It’s still upside for us. Even with India supplying the Chinese at the peak, they were buying, that’s a 450,000-ton-per-year market. 300,000 tons per year were being supplied by China. We were still growing in that market. It’s still our second largest market. The contingency would be it’s going to be slower growth, but we’ll continue to grow. Again, we’re not a producer in that region, but we’ve been actively engaged in discussions with the government. We have a good window into what’s going on at the DGTR. We do believe there’ll be an answer sometime towards the end of the year.

It is our belief at this particular stage that that is going to be a positive one. I cannot provide any more color other than that, but we are pretty confident in it. In the absence of it, we still have a growth model.

Justin Pellegrino, Analyst, Morgan Stanley: Thanks a lot.

John Srivisal, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Tronox: Thank you. Our final question comes from Hassan Ahmed at Alembic Global. Hassan, you may now press star six to unmute your line. Thank you.

Roger Spitz, Analyst, Bank of America Merrill Lynch: Morning, John. You know, a question around, in the press release, you guys mentioned 1.1 million tons of TiO2 capacity being shuttered since 2023. A specific question around anti-involution and China in particular. I mean, if my understanding is correct, China has probably around 50 TiO2 facilities. My understanding is 20 of those are quite subscale, 50,000 tons or less, and quite uneconomic. If I were to sort of bundle all of those 20 subscale facilities up, I’d say that’s roughly around 700,000 tons of capacity. How are you thinking about that capacity? Is that vulnerable? Are you guys hearing something about closures around that? And sort of generally, what are you guys hearing about anti-involution?

John Romano, Chief Executive Officer, Tronox: Yeah. Thanks, Hassan. It’s a great question. Just to be clear, that 1.1 million tons of capacity is from 2023 to the current date. Again, we believe that the majority of that is offline. There were some Chinese plants included in that. We’re not including our idling of our plant. We have heard that there are other plants that are looking at being idled. The real question is, do they go off permanently or do they bring them down for short periods of time? I would expect that there’s going to be some kind of consolidation in that capacity. Look, we’re going to have to continue to compete with the likes of Lomon Billions on the long term. That’s why these duties, albeit not, maybe they’re not permanent. Duties typically last five years with a five-year sunset that typically follows that.

That is why all of our focus has to be on how we become more cost-efficient and the traction that we are getting around cost so that we have a long-term sustainable plan to be competitive no matter where we are selling the product. I do believe, look, our China plant is our lowest-cost plant in our entire system. The market in China is the lowest-priced market, and it is more competitive today because that 800,000 tons that historically was exported outside into other regions of the market, you have fewer markets for that material to move into. All the other areas that are non-duty affected are largely saturated with Chinese material anyway. I would agree with you. It will be a matter of time. It is one of those things where you would have thought it would have happened earlier.

I think a lot of those are state-owned or SOEs where they’re getting subsidies. We don’t get subsidies in our Chinese facilities. Again, we’ve idled that for the right reasons, and we’ll determine how long that’s down based on the current market. I would agree with you that what you just described is not fully banked into the 1,100 tons that’s already been brought offline. In a down cycle that’s lasted now three and a half years, you’ve never seen, I’ve never seen in my almost 40 years anything like that amount of capacity reduction. Maybe 25% of that historically is what you see in a downturn. Normally what happens, the market goes down, and right before people start closing plants, there’s a recovery. This one has been longer than any other one, and every competitor has idled or closed a plant.

Roger Spitz, Analyst, Bank of America Merrill Lynch: Very helpful, John. As a follow-up, I wanted to revisit the India anti-dumping side of things. I know things are still sort of transient and the like, but my understanding is that the sort of overturning by the courts of the anti-dumping duties actually did not have much to do with the cause agents of why those anti-dumping duties were sort of levied in the first place, but it was far more procedural. I mean, again, my understanding is that the Indian Paints Association came out and said, "Hey, look, certain details were not shared with us. And they were shared with other parties." So those need to be, so it was far more procedural than really why they were imposed in the first place. Is that what actually gives you confidence that they may be levied again?

John Romano, Chief Executive Officer, Tronox: That’s exactly right. I couldn’t restate it any more clearly than you just did. It was a procedural error. We believe that the data that they didn’t get has been submitted. The procedural correction will be done, and the duties will go back into place. I can’t state what you stated any more clearly. It’s the right answer.

Roger Spitz, Analyst, Bank of America Merrill Lynch: Very helpful, John. Thank you so much.

John Romano, Chief Executive Officer, Tronox: Thank you.

John Srivisal, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Tronox: Thank you. There are no further questions today. I will now hand the call back over to John Romano for closing remarks. Thank you, John.

John Romano, Chief Executive Officer, Tronox: Thank you very much, and we appreciate you joining the call. Look, I do believe that we are clearly, it’s been a challenging three and a half years, but we’re pretty optimistic on the things that we’re doing around self-help. The duties. A lot of that work was hard work that we initiated. A lot of the work that we’re doing on the cost improvement program, I gave you a lot of details on that. It’s not just things we’re talking about. It’s things that our operational teams are weaving into the work that we do every single day. Just like safety is a priority, cost improvement and maintaining those cost improvements and being competitive long-term is something that we will continue to do for the long-term. Our team has done an outstanding job of implementing those programs and lifting and shifting them from one side to the other.

I’m feeling really good, and that’s largely on the back of all the work that our team has done to get us to where we are today. We’ll look forward to updating you again throughout the quarter and next quarter. Thank you very much.

John Srivisal, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Tronox: This concludes today’s call. Thank you for joining and have a great day.

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