Earnings call transcript: Thomson Reuters Q3 2025 sees stock dip 5%

Thomson Reuters reported its Q3 2025 earnings, showcasing a 7% growth in organic revenues and a 10% increase in adjusted EBITDA. Despite these gains, the company’s stock fell by 5.11% to $155.72, with premarket trading showing a slight recovery of 0.28%. The decline in stock price comes as the company continues to invest heavily in AI and complete a $1 billion share repurchase program.

Key Takeaways

• Organic revenue growth of 7% in Q3 2025.
• Adjusted EBITDA rose by 10%, with margins expanding by 240 basis points.
• Stock price decreased by 5.11% post-earnings announcement.
• Continued investment in AI products, with $200+ million allocated for 2025-2026.
• Completed a $1 billion share repurchase program.

Company Performance

Thomson Reuters showed solid performance in Q3 2025, with significant growth in its major segments, which include legal, corporates, and tax and accounting. The company’s focus on AI-driven products and services has positioned it as a market leader in legal research and AI solutions. The legal market’s increased technology spending and the growing demand for AI-powered services have contributed to its robust performance. However, the slight dip in free cash flow and the stock price drop suggest some investor concerns.

Financial Highlights

• Revenue: Grew 7% organically in Q3 2025.
• Adjusted EBITDA: Increased by 10% to $672 million.
• Adjusted EPS: Rose to $0.85 from $0.80 in the previous year.
• Free Cash Flow: Approximately $1.4 billion, down 3% for the first nine months.

Outlook & Guidance

Thomson Reuters projects organic revenue growth of 7.5% to 8% for 2026, with legal, corporates, and tax and accounting segments expected to lead this growth. The company plans to expand its EBITDA margins by 100 basis points in 2026 and continue its investment in AI product development. The focus remains on leveraging AI to enhance its offerings in the legal and tax markets.

Executive Commentary

"We’re seeing our customers wrestle with spending more on technology and potentially less on real estate," said Steve Hasker, CEO. This shift reflects the broader industry trend towards digital transformation. CFO Mike Eastwood added, "We will continue to invest wherever we see sufficient returns," highlighting the company’s strategic focus on maximizing value from its investments.

Risks and Challenges

• Talent Shortage: The tax and accounting sectors face an acute shortage of skilled professionals.
• Market Saturation: Increasing competition in AI-powered professional services.
• Economic Pressures: Potential macroeconomic challenges could impact client spending.
• Government Contracts: Challenges in securing government contracts were discussed during the call.
• AI Integration: The complexity and cost of integrating AI into existing workflows.

Q&A

During the Q&A session, analysts inquired about the company’s AI strategy, particularly in the legal and tax markets. There were also questions regarding potential mergers and acquisitions and the pricing strategy for AI-enhanced products. Executives addressed these queries by emphasizing their commitment to innovation and strategic investments in areas with high return potential.

Full transcript - Thomson Reuters Corp (TRI) Q3 2025:

Conference Operator: Day, everyone, and welcome to the Thomson Reuters Third Quarter Earnings Call. Today’s conference is being recorded. At this time, I’d like to turn the call over to Gary Bisbee, Head of Investor Relations. Please go ahead.

Gary Bisbee, Head of Investor Relations, Thomson Reuters: Thanks, Jenny. Good morning and thank you for joining us today for our third quarter twenty twenty five earnings call. I’m joined today by our CEO, Steve Hasker and our CFO, Mike Eastwood, each of whom will discuss our results and take your questions following their remarks. To enable us to get to as many questions as possible, we would appreciate it if you’d limit yourself to one question and one follow-up each when we open the phone lines. Throughout today’s presentation, when we compare performance period on period, we discuss revenue growth rates before currency as well as on an organic basis.

We believe this provides the best basis to measure the underlying performance of the business. Today’s presentation contains forward looking statements and non IFRS and other supplemental financial measures, which are discussed on this special note slide. Actual results may differ materially due to a number of risks and uncertainties discussed in reports and filings that we provide to regulatory agencies. You may access these documents on our website or by contacting our Investor Relations department. Let me now turn it over to Steve Aster.

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: Thank you, Gary, and thanks to all of you for joining us today. Momentum continued in the third quarter with revenue in line and margins modestly ahead of our expectations. Total company organic revenues rose 7% with the big three segments growing by 9%. In addition, healthy revenue flow through, beneficial revenue mix and good cost discipline boosted margins driving profit ahead of expectations. We are reaffirming our full year 2025 revenue and profit outlook, including our expectation for approximately 9% organic revenue growth for the big three segments.

For the full year, our total and organic revenue growth is trending closer to 37% respectively rather than the higher ends of the ranges at three point five percent and seven point five percent for three reasons that are unrelated to our AI innovation momentum. First, a slower ramp of commercial print volumes secondly, several recent U. S. Federal government cancellations and downgrades and third, slightly softer bookings trends at Corporates following internal sales organizational changes aimed at improving future cross selling. We see these as temporary factors not related to our growing innovation and AI driven momentum, which continues to build.

This is best illustrated by our Legal Professionals segment accelerating to 9% organic revenue growth in the quarter, up from 8% in the 2025 and seven percent last year. And this is driven by continued Westlaw momentum and strong double digit growth from both co counsel and co counsel drafting. Outside of legal, we continue to see double digit growth from a number of key franchises including SafeSend, Confirmation, Paguero, indirect tax and our international businesses to name a few. Looking to next year, we’re updating our 2026 financial framework. We continue to expect organic revenue of 7.5% to 8%, including approximately 9.5% for the big three.

And we now see larger year over year margin expansion and higher free cash flow than in our prior outlook. On the product front, customer feedback on the AgenTik AI launches over the summer has been very positive. And initial sales trends are encouraging, especially for the Co Council legal integrated offer, Westlaw Advantage and Co Council for tax, audit and accounting. The competitive dynamics for our core content enabled technology offerings for law, Practical Law and our tax engines remains stable. We see incremental competition in the AI assistant space, which is an exciting white space growth opportunity in which CoCouncil remains a clear market leader.

Our capital capacity and liquidity remain an asset that we are focused on deploying to create shareholder value. We recently completed the $1,000,000,000 share repurchase program announced in mid August, and we remain extremely well capitalized with a net leverage of only 0.6 times at quarter end. We remain committed to a balanced capital allocation approach, and we continue to assess additional inorganic opportunities. With our estimated $9,000,000,000 of capital capacity through 2027 after the completion of the buyback, we are positioned to be both aggressive and opportunistic. Now to the results for the quarter.

Third quarter organic revenues grew 7%, in line with our expectations. Organic recurring and transactional revenue grew at 94%, respectively, while print revenue declined 4%. Adjusted EBITDA increased 10% to $672,000,000 reflecting a two forty basis point margin increase to 37.7%, higher than anticipated due to healthy operating leverage and good cost discipline. Turning to the third quarter results by segment. The big three segments delivered 9% organic revenue growth.

Legal organic revenue grew 9%, improving from 8% in the 2025 and seven percent for all of last year. Continued momentum from Westlaw and Co Council were key drivers. Organic revenues in Corporates grew 7%, driven by offerings in our Legal, Tax and Risk portfolios and the segment’s International businesses. Tax and Accounting organic revenues grew 10%, driven by our Latin American and U. S.

Businesses. Reuters News organic revenues rose 3%, driven by growth in the agency business and our contract with LSEG. And lastly, Global Print organic revenues declined 4% year on year. In summary, we’re pleased with our Q3 results. I’ll now comment briefly on questions that we’ve heard in recent months about the value of our content, specifically Westlaw, in an AI environment and whether it could be replicated by large language models or newer AI competitors.

We remain very confident in Westlaw’s differentiation, which we believe has increased significantly with the development of deep research and agentic AI and the recent launch of Westlaw Advantage. It is very important to understand that litigation is high stakes work with no room for error and significant consequences for being wrong. As a result, professional grade legal research and workforce tools workflow tools need to deliver comprehensive, accurate, and up to date outputs through trusted solutions with robust data privacy commitments. This is a very high bar, particularly given the scale, complexity, and constant change of the legal ecosystem. In The United States, there are hundreds of court systems and tens of millions of annual rulings.

We collect content from more than 3,500 sources in multiple formats, and it is completely unstructured. On an annual basis, we process more than 300,000,000 documents into Westlaw. In addition, we have valuable and proprietary second source content, including practical law. Collection of source content is just step one. Our more than 1,500 attorney editors, armed with cutting edge technologies, turn the massive volume of unstructured data into structured proprietary content and intelligence.

This includes linking cases, codifying statutes and regulations, authoring headnotes, and increasingly creating new content for our AI offerings. In total, our team delivers more than 1,600,000 editorial enhancements per year. Primary law content, including case law, statutes, and regulations, is a significant majority of what users search in Westlaw. And 85%, I repeat, 85% of this content has been editorially enhanced. So 85% is editorially enhanced.

These enhancements are proprietary to Westlaw and make the source content far more valuable. Let me provide a few brief examples. First, the West key number system is our proprietary taxonomy, or subject classification of the law. It covers more than 140,000 precise legal topic categories, capturing the law at an extremely granular level. The organization of case law, statutes and regulations against this taxonomy is key to the delivery of comprehensive and accurate results, allowing Westlaw users to zero in on very specific points of law.

Second, Keysight, our proprietary citation network, has more than 1,400,000,000 connections linking legal matter with the taxonomy. Keysight verifies whether a case, statute, or regulation is still good law and finds accurate citing references to support legal arguments. And lastly, headnotes are summaries of the important issues of law within a case and are indexed against the key number system. This allows users to efficiently and accurately pinpoint the cases that best match their facts and desired outcome. To illustrate how the Westlaw content and editorial capabilities deliver value in an AI world, this slide outlines the key steps in our agentic approach for Westlaw Advantage.

As you can see, our AI agents leverage Westlaw’s breadth and depth of content, and critically, the extensive expertise of our editorial teams and the significant editorial enhancements that we create differentiates our agents, the output of which is delivered as professional grade research that lawyers can trust. This graphic highlights another important differentiator for Westlaw. When doing legal research, validating research results is a key final step in the process. This is doubly important with any AI outputs which need to be checked for inaccuracies and hallucinations. In Westlaw, we have the leading toolset to deliver these validations, bringing confidence to our users that their citations are accurate and their legal arguments are correctly characterizing the law.

The validation process leverages several tools I’ve already mentioned, including key number system, Keysight, and headnotes. In addition, litigation document analyzer reviews legal briefs before they are submitted to the court, identifying inaccurate citations and misstatements of law. Combined with the industry’s most robust editorial curated content set, the Westlaw tools provide lawyers with assurance that their legal arguments are on point, and they have done all that they can to prepare for court. While general purpose models can find cases and potentially make a legal argument, delivering against the industry’s need for comprehensive, accurate, and current research is an extremely high bar. Our market leading content, our editorial enhancement, and our sophisticated toolset have been built over decades to consistently deliver this standard while meeting the industry’s data privacy and security needs.

Looking forward, we see the evolution of AI from information retrieval and summarization to more complex agentic workflows as an opportunity for Thomson Reuters that reinforces the value and critical importance of our content and editorial expertise. In complex, multi step work, quality content to ground the outputs and subject matter expertise to train and fine tune the AI are critical to delivering professional grade results. Our innovation focus is squarely on leveraging these assets, leading content, and the deepest bench of domain experts in our end markets to deliver agentic solutions that are difficult, if not impossible,

Mike Eastwood, CFO, Thomson Reuters: to replicate. I’ll now turn it over to Mike to review our financial performance. Thanks, Steve. Thanks again for joining us today. As a reminder, I will talk through revenue growth before currency and on an organic basis.

Let me start by discussing the third quarter revenue performance for our big three segments. Organic revenue grew 9% in the third quarter, continuing the strong trend from recent periods. Legal Professionals organic revenue grew 9%, improving from 8% in the first half, driven primarily by Westlaw, Co Council Drafting and our international businesses. Government grew 9% in the quarter. In our Corporate segment, organic revenues grew 9%, recurring revenue grew 9%, while transactional rose 5%.

Direct and indirect tax, Figuero, Practical Law and our international businesses were key contributors. Looking forward, the Corporate segment growth rate is likely to moderate in the fourth quarter due to the softer than planned bookings growth Steve mentioned. Tax and Accounting delivered another strong quarter with organic growth of 10%. Recurring and transactional revenues grew nine percent and twelve percent respectively. Our Latin America business, SafeSend, Ultratax and the Cloud Audit family of products were key drivers.

Moving to Reuters News, organic revenue rose 3% for the quarter, driven primarily by growth at the agency business and from the news agreement with the data and analytics business of LSEG. Reuters revenue included approximately $7,000,000 of transactional generative AI content licensing revenue in the quarter compared to $8,000,000 in the prior year quarter. Finally, Global Print revenues decreased 4% on an organic basis. On a consolidated basis, third quarter organic revenues increased 7%. At the end of Q3, the percent of our annualized contract value for ACV from products that are GenAI enabled was 24%, up from 22% last quarter.

Turning to our profitability, adjusted EBITDA for the big three segments was $6.00 $6,000,000 up nine percent from the prior year period with the margin rising two twenty basis points to 41.7%. Moving to Reuters News, adjusted EBITDA was $42,000,000 with a margin of 19.9%. Global Print’s adjusted EBITDA was $46,000,000 with a margin of 37.1%. In aggregate, total company adjusted EBITDA was $672,000,000 a 10% increase versus Q3 twenty twenty four, reflecting a two forty basis point margin increase to 37.7%. Turning to earnings per share, adjusted EPS was zero eight five dollars for the quarter versus $0.80 in the prior year period.

Currency had a $01 positive impact on adjusted EPS in the quarter. Let me now turn to our free cash flow. For the first nine months of 2025, our free cash flow was approximately $1,400,000,000 down 3% from the prior year. Changes in working capital, which are largely timing related, were the largest driver of the decrease. I will also provide a quick update on our capital allocation.

In late October, we completed the 1,000,000,000 NCIB or share repurchase program we announced in mid August acquiring approximately $6,000,000 of our shares. I will conclude with a discussion of our 2025 outlook and 2026 financial framework. As Steve outlined, we are reaffirming our 2025 outlook across all metrics. Our total and organic revenue growth is trending closer to 37% respectively, rather than the higher ends of the ranges at 3.57.5% for three reasons unrelated to our AI innovation momentum as Steve mentioned. I will provide a bit more color.

First, our Global Print segment has seen a slower than expected ramp in commercial print volumes thus far in 2025, which we believe will impact total organic revenue growth by approximately 25 basis points for the year. As a reminder, 10% of our print revenue is from commercial where we print books for third party publishers. Second, our government business, while holding up well overall, has faced a handful of recent downgrades and losses related to the federal efficiency programs that we believe will be an approximate 20 basis point drag to full year organic revenue growth. Third, as I mentioned earlier, we have seen softer bookings trends at our corporate segment, reflecting the impact of internal sales organizational changes aimed at supporting an increasingly integrated product proposition and driving improved future cross selling. While these changes have contributed to a slower sales build in 2025 versus our initial expectations, we remain confident in our corporate product portfolio and the segment’s growth potential.

Note, these organizational changes were only made at our corporate segment and do not impact our legal professionals or tax and accounting segments, which have separate sales organizations. Despite these headwinds, we remain confident in achieving our 9% Big three organic revenue growth outlook for the year with strong innovation led momentum continuing in our Legal Professionals and Tax and Accounting Professionals businesses and from our international markets. Turning to the fourth quarter, we expect organic revenue growth of approximately 7%, including approximately 9% for the big three. Legal Professionals is likely to again deliver 9% organic revenue growth, assuming no incremental government headwinds materialize. We expect the Q4 adjusted EBITDA margin to be approximately 39%, which includes select one time investments we’re making to transform and increasingly automate how we work.

Looking beyond 2025, we are updating our 2026 financial framework to incorporate a more positive margin expansion and free cash flow outlook. We reiterate our outlook for 7.5% to 8% organic revenue growth, driven by approximately 9.5% growth at the big three segments. We are confident in delivering the revenue acceleration this implies, driven by positive underlying momentum, the execution of our innovation roadmaps and to a lesser extent easier comparisons in several areas, including at Reuters News and Corporates. We now expect to deliver approximately 100 basis points of adjusted EBITDA margin expansion, up from our prior view of 50 or more basis points. Healthy operating leverage combined with early benefits from using AI and technology to reengineer how we work, provide confidence in this outlook.

We are also raising our free cash flow outlook for 2026 to approximately 2,100,000,000.0 which is the upper end of the prior range of 2,000,000,000 to $2,100,000,000 Our expectations for capital intensity and tax rate remain unchanged. We are currently in our 2026 planning cycle and will provide more detailed 2026 guidance on our Q4 conference call in February. I will now turn it back to Gary for any questions.

Gary Bisbee, Head of Investor Relations, Thomson Reuters: Thanks, Jenny. We’re ready to start the Q and A.

Conference Operator: Thank And our first question is going to come from Drew McReynolds from RBC.

Drew McReynolds, Analyst, RBC: Two questions for me. I guess, first, on the government and corporate headwinds. I guess, the question is ultimately what’s kind of recurring into next year. And for Corporates, I believe the organic revenue growth target is 9% to 11. Just wondering how comfortable you still are with that.

And then secondly, Steve, great kind of rundown essentially of the moat within Westlaw. I know it’s early days on Agenza KI. Can you comment on the customer kind of reaction to what AgenTic is doing from their perspective? And are they able in these first iterations to notice the difference between what you’re offering and maybe some others that don’t have deep content access? Thank you.

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: Yeah, Drew. Great questions. Let me start with corporates, and then I’ll ask Mike to supplement that. Then I’ll go to government, then I’ll go to Westlaw. So please be patient, but we’ll work our way through these questions.

So look, the corporates sales softness is a bit frustrating because it’s temporary and it’s self inflicted. So two points. One, we remain even more confident in the end market opportunity. We’ve said for a while that the TAM is the biggest opportunity for us in corporates relative to the other segments, and it’s the area in which we have the lowest penetration of our legal tax and risk products. So we think it’s our biggest opportunity.

And our product set is, we think, pristine and well received by customers. And so we started to see glimpses of this promise last year, as you’ll remember, with 10% growth. And underpinning that, we’ve seen a really nice escalation in our NPS scores across the segments and including in in corporate. But what we haven’t seen is is an uptick in cross sell. So at the start of this year, we expanded our global account footprint, and we asked our salespeople to sell more than one product grouping.

And I think in retrospect, we got a little ahead of our sort of commercial systems and our infrastructure in doing that. So we’ve left some of our salespeople, I think, a little disorganized relative to the opportunities and relative to where they were last year. So not up to our high standards. We’re through this. We’ll learn from it, and we’ll be better for it.

We’ve got no more changes in the pipeline and very confident in the nine to 11% for for for next year. But that’s on the corporate side. Mike, what would you add to that before we go to government?

Mike Eastwood, CFO, Thomson Reuters: Terrific summary, Steve. Okay. Alright. So government so I I would say a couple

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: of things. Our solutions in government, whether they be related to the legal side or the sort of law enforcement risk side, are very well aligned with the administration’s agenda around efficiency and law enforcement. And we’ve seen good growth in state and local. And on a federal level, I think the teams have done a very good job this year in asserting the must have status of our solutions. And so I think up until the end of the third quarter, was so far so good.

We had a couple of down downgrades and cancellations at the end of the third quarter, which I think has had us has us watching this one vigilantly. In the medium to long term, Drew, we are very confident in the value proposition, both the federal, state, and local, because tools like Westlaw Advantage and co counsel and our various tax solutions drive efficiencies for the government agencies. And of course, our law enforcement work through CLEAR and TRSS is very well aligned with the agenda of this administration, as I said. So medium to long term, we’re confident about government, but it is a turbulent environment, and we just wanted to signal that. Unclear as to what it will look like for the next twelve months, But medium to longer term, we’re very confident.

So let me turn to Westlaw. So as you know, we put in the marketplace Westlaw Advantage, which is the first deep research and agentic research product. The reaction has been, very, very strong from customers, as it has been to co counsel legal and the integration of those products. I’ll give you the example of one customer that I’ve spent some time with that I think is emblematic of the broader environment. He is the managing partner of a major firm in New York City.

He spent his career as a litigator and is well known as such. And he was describing how his career was being spent in conference rooms going back and forth with his colleagues and his partners refining his arguments. Since he’s had access to Westlaw Advantage, he is doing much more of that back and forth with our tool than he is with his partners. And so in the early going, there is a change to his behavior in terms of getting to the best, most refined arguments, anticipating the opponent’s rebuttals and arguments, and anticipating the likely judge’s reaction. So we’re very excited by the work that Mike Dane and Omar and others have done in developing this product.

And we’re going to keep investing behind it so that the verification and validation tools that I alluded to get better and better, and the product itself gets richer and deeper. Mike, would you add anything there?

Mike Eastwood, CFO, Thomson Reuters: Nothing to add, Steve.

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: All right. Thanks, Drew. I hope that addresses the questions. Yeah.

Drew McReynolds, Analyst, RBC: That’s great context. Thank you.

Conference Operator: And our next question is going to come from Vince Valentini from TD Cowen.

Vince Valentini, Analyst, TD Cowen: Can I just go back to the government for a second? Just want to make sure clear on what the driver is. Is the government shutdown having an impact or these cancellations happened before that? And can you clarify, do you do work for ICE?

Mike Eastwood, CFO, Thomson Reuters: Vince, in regards to the first question, the downgrades, cancellations occurred prior to shutdown. The shutdown has very minimal impact on our monthly, quarterly revenue based on what we know today. So this occurred prior to the government shutdown. Steve, do you want to address the ICE question? Yeah.

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: I mean, we Vince, I won’t go into the specifics of the work we do with various government agencies because it’s subject to confidentiality clauses. But we do work with a number of departments on a range of law enforcement matters, and we do that consistent with our trust principles at all time.

Vince Valentini, Analyst, TD Cowen: Can I maybe rephrase it? Maybe I shouldn’t have been so specific. Is there any chance that the government spending is being temporarily redirected and that’s impacting some of the contracts with you and that will ebb and flow over time but should come back?

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: It’s a little I mean, I I mean, I definitely think that this administration is putting much more emphasis on some things rather than others. And there is a a sort of a process of adjustment to that, Vince. But as I said in response to Drew’s question, you know, our tools achieve two things for government agencies. One is efficiency, and the is they are essential tools for law enforcement. So we’re confident that that our must have status will be maintained and enhanced over time.

But there is a level of turbulence as some programs get cut in adjustment.

Mike Eastwood, CFO, Thomson Reuters: Vince, we’ll continue to work with our federal customers on kind of three big areas, efficiency, national security, and fraud prevention. We are confident, our tools and offerings will be able to support them mid term, long term.

Vince Valentini, Analyst, TD Cowen: I’m going to count that as one, Gary. I apologize, but it was one a and one b. Just the second question, you got a nice call out on the Amazon call last week on being one of their key customers for their transform product, they call it. They say Thompson Reuters has been able to manipulate a million and a half lines of code per month, four times faster than they could with with previous systems. I’m wondering, is this part of an initial effort to automate more of your internal cost structure and processes?

And is there more of this to come over the next couple of years? And what could that potentially mean for future margins?

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: Yeah. Thanks thanks, Vince. So so we’re to be on the forefront of this AI transformation in two ways. One, in terms of our product development, particularly in and around agentic AI and deep research. And it’s example in the first example in the legal space with the launches back at Iltacon in August.

Second example, ready to review. And then in December, January, ready to advise in our tax and accounting, and we’re excited about those. We were pleased to see the reference from Amazon. This relates to the internal application of AI and automation tools. So we are applying our own tools, so co counsel, legal, and co counsel for tax accounting and audit to Norrie Campbell’s general counsel team and also to Mike’s finance audit and accounting teams.

And we’re seeing really promising results from the application of our own tools. We’re also, as Amazon alluded to, working with the best tools available to drive automation. I’ll defer to Mike as to the sort of financial implications of this, Vince. But rest assured, we’re going to be at the forefront in terms of automating everything we do with a singular goal of being able to scale faster and more efficiently and deliver better products and services to our customer.

Mike Eastwood, CFO, Thomson Reuters: Yeah, Vance, a few thoughts. As noted in my prepared remarks, we do anticipate some one time investment in Q4 twenty twenty five to help us transform and increasingly automate how we work. To Steve’s point, as we look into 2026, certainly we view the example that you question and Steve addressed as opportunities to help us expand our EBITDA margin. It’s one of the reasons why we were able today to expand our EBITDA margin expectations for 2026 by 100 basis points. We’re not discussing guidance today beyond 2026, but I think these developments certainly are encouraging for the long term.

Vince, while we have the mic, it might be helpful for everyone if I just clarify. When we say for 2026 increasing margin by 100 basis points, that will be 100 basis points off the actual result for fiscal year 2025. Just wanted to clarify that point.

Vince Valentini, Analyst, TD Cowen: Thanks. I was going to make a third question, I was trying to be nice. But thanks a lot, Mike.

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: Indeed. You, Vince.

Conference Operator: And our next question is going to come from Jason Haas from Wells Fargo.

Jason Haas, Analyst, Wells Fargo: Hey, good morning and thanks for taking my questions. In the prepared remarks, you made a comment about seeing some incremental competition in AI assistance space. So I was curious if you could just unpack that comment a little bit more. What was meant by that exactly? Thank you.

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: Yeah. Jason, thanks for the question. So the point that I’m trying to make is that we are not seeing any additional competition in our core franchises. So that’s legal research and legal know how and the tax calculation engines, whether that’s UltraTax, GoSystemTax, or OneSource. So those core franchises have the same competitive dynamics today as they did twelve months ago or three years ago.

Where we have seen the entrance of new players is in the AI assistant space. Now that is a greenfield sort of white space opportunity for us. And it was the reason that we went out and acquired CaseText and then added Materia and the fantastic team from Materia on the top of that. So that’s a white space opportunity for us around co counsel, and that’s where we see the entry of new players. We’re happy with where we sit in that marketplace.

We’ve got some very aggressive product development plans. And I think most importantly, customers are responding well to CoCouncil and its various offerings. So I hope that clarifies.

Jason Haas, Analyst, Wells Fargo: Thank you. That’s very helpful. And then I wanted to follow-up on the Tax and Accounting business. It looks like the organic consequence growth deceled from 11% to 10%. I know these are rounded numbers.

But I was curious if you could comment on that. And then can you just talk about your confidence in that accelerating to the 11% to 13% organic growth that you expect in 2026? Thanks.

Mike Eastwood, CFO, Thomson Reuters: Yes. Jason, we do have some fluctuations quarter by quarter within the Tax and Accounting Professional business. We remain confident in delivering to 11% for calendar year 2025. And then for 2026, as a reminder, our guidance is 11% to 13%. We work very closely with Elizabeth Biestrom and her team there.

We have very strong confidence in delivering 11% to 13% for 2026. We referenced Safesen in our prepared remarks, which was the acquisition January, which is performing incredibly well. We expect that to continue into 2026. Steve mentioned Materia there, Additive, which is the recent acquisitions that we did. So we remain quite confident, Jason, with tax and accounting professionals.

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: Yeah. I would just supplement that the end market is a very healthy one. We start our, our synergy customer conferences down in Florida tomorrow. We’re very much looking forward to that and getting excited about getting together with thousands of our customers, in person. The tax and accounting and audit spaces, remain a very robust, end market with with a critical need, and that’s, shortages of talent.

And so, Jason, as we develop ready to review and ready to advise and continue to refine those propositions, we think that that is going to meet or even exceed the needs of our customers. And that gives us confidence around the 11% to 13% going forward.

Jason Haas, Analyst, Wells Fargo: Great to hear. Thank you.

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: Thanks, Jason.

Conference Operator: And our next question is going to come from Manav Patnaik from Barclays.

Manav Patnaik, Analyst, Barclays: Thank you. Good morning. Steve, I appreciate the slide with the data and the Motes deck, I think we’ve heard that as well. But to your earlier answer on the competition is more on the workflow side and that’s why you acquired CaseTech, etcetera. Can you help us with, you know, any any sense of sizing of workflow for you guys and the growth rates there?

Because, you know, obviously, a lot of these legal tech legal tech companies are raising a lot of money at high valuations, citing high growth rates. So just trying to get a sense of, you know, your your business there.

George Tong, Analyst, Goldman Sachs: Yeah. Manav, I mean, it’s it’s all a

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: bit squishy at the moment. Right? We we sort of probably monitor the same sources in terms of in terms of how competitors are performing and what sort of growth rates they’re seeing, what their ARR levels are at the moment. And and what I would tell you is that co counsel is is at least on par or outpacing everybody else in terms of its size and its growth rate. So, you know, it it is it is a competitive landscape insofar as there are lots of promises being made by lots of different new entrants.

Where we differentiate ourselves is is in the in the integration of our content and our expertise. So it’s not only the content, Westlaw practical and so forth, Checkpoint on the tax and accounting side. It’s expertise that 1,500 reference attorneys bring that are able to train the behaviors of an agent to produce a more accurate, more reliable outcome that is supported by data pristine data privacy and protection. So long way of saying, in the early going, we’re at or outpacing, the the newer competitors. And we’re very confident.

I hope not arrogant, but we’re very confident about the sort of, medium to longer term prospects given the assets that we bring, to this to this competition. Mike, what would you add?

Mike Eastwood, CFO, Thomson Reuters: That’s a good summary.

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: Okay. Alright. Thanks, Manav. I hope that helps.

Manav Patnaik, Analyst, Barclays: Yeah. That was helpful. And and I guess just on, I just had one question on M and A. So I think I think we all get a sense of all the tuck in type of deals that you guys are doing, and probably that continues. But in the past, Steve, you’ve talked about, potentially larger ones.

So just trying to get an update on where the market is at? Is it valuation, timing? Like just some more thoughts there.

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: Yeah. You know, we’ve we’re we’re sort of happy we’re we’re very happy with the the tuck ins that we’ve done over the last couple of years. Each and every one of them in different ways has performed and been additive to the experience that we’re providing in the big three. So we’ll continue to look for those opportunities centered around our big three segments. If we were to do something larger, it would be in the areas where we really see great promise.

So areas like risk fraud compliance, building on CLEAR, the CLEAR dataset, and areas like IDT, indirect tax and e invoicing, where Pagero is showing really good growth and growth that looks to be pretty considerably above some of the market comparables. And so those are the areas where we’d be prepared to go a bit bigger. I think at the moment, the assets that are of interest are still fully valued in the sort of portfolios in which they sit. So the question is, do we see a bit of an adjustment and some price that would allow us to create value for our shareholders, not just the exiting shareholders. And that’s what we’ll just continue to monitor and stay rigorous and disciplined around.

Mike Eastwood, CFO, Thomson Reuters: Steve, in addition to indirect tax, risk fraud and compliance, I would just add international. Certainly, we’ll be very selective in that there, as we’ve discussed in the past. But Adrian Fanini, who leads our international business, we are looking at a few potential assets internationally.

Jason Haas, Analyst, Wells Fargo: Thank you.

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: Thanks, Manav.

Conference Operator: And our next question is going to come from George Tong from Goldman Sachs.

George Tong, Analyst, Goldman Sachs: Good morning. You’re continuing to target nine to 11% organic growth in Corporates next year. Can you elaborate on how achievable that growth is without any additional changes to the sales organization or the pace of cross selling?

Mike Eastwood, CFO, Thomson Reuters: Sure, George. Happy to start there. I think we’ve discussed with you and others in the past that Q4 is our largest quota period for a given year. That applies to Q4 twenty twenty five for corporates. October, net sales and bookings were quite encouraging, George.

And if we look at our sales pipeline coverage ratio for both the remainder Q4 and also Q1 twenty twenty six, once again encouraging. Given that those changes have now been solidified and the focus is on execution, The way I think about it, George, a very simpler formula, if you have great products and you have strong customer demand and you have a growing TAM, the likelihood of success is pretty damn good if you execute and have the right talent. I think you can check the boxes on each of those variables in the formula that I just mentioned there. So that gives me quite confidence. But if you look very tangibly, the October net sales and bookings, secondly, again, the November, December pipeline coverage and then also the Q1 pipeline coverage, gives us confidence in achieving that 9% to 11% as we go into 2026, George.

George Tong, Analyst, Goldman Sachs: Got it. Very helpful. Then can you talk a bit about your pricing strategy in light of the increasing value that you’re providing with your AI products? So do you have plans for accelerated pricing increases, for example, in your multiyear contracts? And how overall do you expect pricing to evolve going forward?

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: Yeah. George, look, it’s a great question, and it’s one that we are very focused on. And we have some fairly, vigorous debates amongst ourselves, particularly between the product folks and the commercial excellent folks and our salespeople. Our principle is price to value. So the extent to which we’re driving significant efficiencies in the practice of law or in the practice of order for tax and accounting, we wanna make sure that our products and services are aligned to that.

We it’s just a reminder. We do not price on a per seat basis. So to the extent to which, you know, work is able to be done by fewer people, that we we will be a beneficiary of that, not a not a victim of that, if you like. And so it’s a work in progress. I think in the early going, our pricing has proven to be competitive and is driving growth for us.

It is profitable growth. I would say so far so good. But this is one of those ones where we’re just constantly looking for signals from the market and refining our approaches.

Mike Eastwood, CFO, Thomson Reuters: Yeah. George, I would just supplement. As we go into ’26, I’m somewhat optimistic that we could have some additional opportunity over the spectrum.

George Tong, Analyst, Goldman Sachs: Very helpful. Thank you.

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: Thanks, George.

Conference Operator: And our next question is going to come from Aravinda Galapathige from Canaccord Genuity.

Aravinda Galapathige, Analyst, Canaccord Genuity: Good morning. Thanks for taking my question. I wanted to discuss sort of the where we are in terms of the rate of innovation and product intensity. Obviously, we’ve seen a lot of activity from Thompson and even the industry in general. Is it fair to sort of characterize the present sort of position as sort of getting close to peak in terms of new product launches and so forth and sort of the next phase will be more about penetration?

I mean, I’m trying to sort of connect that with sort of the underlying tone of margin expansion you’re talking about. I know that you’ve been, I think, the last disclosed number was about $200,000,000 in incremental investments to sort of drive these growth opportunities. I’m trying to sort of assess whether we may be at sort of that sort of the crest of that. Any thoughts that you care to share on that front?

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: Yes, Ericka. I’ll start and Mike may want to add. I you know, obviously stay very close to David Wong and Joel Heron’s product innovation plans. And and also, you know, our TR Ventures Fund who are looking across the landscape at different different startups and also the sort of everything that our partners are doing. I I would say our you’re you’re gonna see our rate of innovation accelerate and improve over the next few quarters and well into ’twenty six and ’twenty seven based on that which we’ve previously invested in and that which is coming through the pipeline.

What I think, though, will happen in the broader landscape and it’s hard to tell, so this is my looking at a crystal ball is that the rate of innovation for the highly specialized tools like ours that are trained on reservoirs of content and thousands of expertise will continue to improve. I think where things might flatten out is in the sort of general purpose horizontal tools. And certainly, our customers are starting to understand the difference. And so that, I think, will be one change in the sort of landscape. But again, I think anyone who will tell you they know exactly what’s going to happen in this environment is probably slightly diluted.

Mike Eastwood, CFO, Thomson Reuters: Yeah. Aravinda, a couple of points there. Please, please do not correlate our confidence in expanding our margin in 2026 with us investing less. We will invest over $200,000,000 this year, calendar year ’twenty five in AI, Gen AI. That will continue into 2026.

We’re able to expand our margins in 2026. One, you’re aware of our operating leverage, but we have opportunity back to the prior questions to automate how we work. I think it was Vince who asked the question illustratively about the AWS reference. So we will continue to invest. And to Steve’s point, the rate of innovation and intensity will continue.

That $200,000,000 plus will continue into 2026.

Jason Haas, Analyst, Wells Fargo: Thanks very much.

Aravinda Galapathige, Analyst, Canaccord Genuity: And maybe my follow-up for Mike. I mean, on the last call, Mike, I think you talked about sort of your framework for capital allocation and how that potentially leaves $400 to $500,000,000 for buybacks. Obviously, given the movement in the stock, you’ve sort of shown the flexibility to step up beyond that. Should we sort of take that forward, even in the going into 2026 that notwithstanding that framework, you have the ability and the willingness to sort of step up in terms of your repurchase program?

Mike Eastwood, CFO, Thomson Reuters: Yes. I think, Aravinda, I would maintain the framework when you think about mid to long term. But I think the key there is when we see the opportunity to step up, we will, which I think that was very tangible with our decision in mid August to announce the $1,000,000,000 NCIB share buyback, which we completed at the October. We constantly discuss capital strategy, capital allocation with our Board. In our next Board meeting, we’ll have the next discussion in regards to capital strategy, capital allocation.

Could we step up? Again, possibly no decision has been made there. So I would maintain the framework of the 400 to $500,000,000 but also I would kind of supplement that framework with our ability and willingness to step up when we deem appropriate. On the topic of capital allocation, I would just remind you, Aravinda and others, that as we go into the January, we will propose another 10% increase in our common dividend, which would be the fifth year consecutively on that.

Aravinda Galapathige, Analyst, Canaccord Genuity: Thank you.

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: Thanks, Arvinda.

Conference Operator: And our next question is going to come from Mehri Yaghi from Scotiabank. Please go ahead.

Gary Bisbee, Head of Investor Relations, Thomson Reuters0: Great. Thank you for taking my question. Steve, you have very well articulated why Westlaw has a strong standing to benefit from AI. But can you tackle maybe how you see AI advances affecting your tax business? Do you believe that business has similar defensive capabilities to continue to gain market share as well as you’re doing in Legal?

And the second question is the revenue acceleration you’re expecting in 2026 versus 2025. I know it’s maybe too early, but can you maybe just let us know which segment of the big three you’re expecting to see most of the acceleration coming from? Thank you.

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: Thanks, Meyer. I’ll defer the second question to Mike. On the first one, yeah, we’re sort of equally excited about the application of AI, agentic AI deep research to our tax business as we are legal for a couple of reasons. So in terms of the end market, the tax and accounting profession does not need to undertake the same sort of magnitude of change management. So for example, many tax and accounting and audit engagements are not priced on a per hour basis and not on a billable hour.

They are value based. And so there’s not that same business model hurdle to overcome that the legal profession is currently working its way through, firstly. Secondly, there is, as I said before, a pretty acute talent shortage that technology needs to address. So we actually think our tax and accounting customers are even more receptive to AI and technology in terms of improving their outputs and work and enabling, for example, tax professionals to automate the tax return process and move to more value added advisory services for their clients, and the technology enables that. So that’s the first part.

As we think about applying AI, particularly AgenTik AI, to our product set, the sort of narrative up until now is that generative AI doesn’t do math. Well, our tax calculation engines do the math. And what the agents enable us to do is automate all of the shoulder activities, so the document ingestion, all of the preparation, and then they work with the tax calculation engine, whether it’s UltraTax, Ecosystem Tax, or OneSource, And then they’re able to do the follow-up, all of the calculation checks, and the e filing. And so that’s really what Ready is. It’s addition of agents to our preexisting tax calculation engine.

And then ready to to advise is the use of agents to find all of the opportunities for a tax and accounting professional to provide advisory services on more efficient tax strategies to their clients. And so we think that the AI will enable us to expand the role that we play in the success of the tax and accounting profession, enable them to get into more advisory services and achieve growth on that basis, while at the same time overcoming this talent shortage. Mike, the question on revenue? Sure,

Mike Eastwood, CFO, Thomson Reuters: Mary. In regards to 2026, just to remind everyone, we do have ranges for 2026 for each of our big three segments. Legal for 2026 is 8% to 9%. Corporates is 9% to 11%. Tax and Accounting, 11% to 13%.

Part of your question, Meyer, is in regards to which segment would have the largest absolute growth. Tax and accounting professional, I believe will have the largest absolute increase in organic growth rate for 2026 versus 2025. Just to reiterate those reasons, number one, the recent acquisitions of SafeSend and Additive Materia will continue to scale for us. Next, Steve’s mentioned Ready to Advise and Ready to Review, which are new launches for us. We consistently talk about our Latin America business, Domenio, which we remain quite optimistic about over the last eleven years.

It’s grown 20% CAGR over that time horizon. We expect that to continue. And then lastly, kind of underpinning, Ultratax continues to perform well.

George Tong, Analyst, Goldman Sachs: Thank you.

Conference Operator: And our next question is going to come from Kevin McVeigh from UBS.

Gary Bisbee, Head of Investor Relations, Thomson Reuters1: Great. Thanks. Hey, I think in the slide deck you talked about AI driven innovation, the momentum continuing. On the legal side, I guess just the timing like the AgenTeq launches you did over the 2025, are they already starting to kind of permeate the base? Or is that something that continues to scale over the back half of 2025 and into 2026?

I guess, I’m just trying to understand that the sequencing of maybe things that have already been launched as opposed to things that were launched over the summer.

Mike Eastwood, CFO, Thomson Reuters: Yes. Kevin, really good question, great timing there. For everyone’s benefit, we launched those in mid late August as

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: part

Mike Eastwood, CFO, Thomson Reuters: of Iltacon. We’re already seeing the benefit and we’ll just see more penetration, Kevin, in Q4 and out throughout 2026. I would call out each of our general managers within legal professionals that are really driving hard, which is indicative of the 9%. Aaron Rodemacher, who is driving the small law firm, Liz Zimmick and Ms. Law, Steve Acy with our largest firms.

And then we have John Shatwell in Europe, which I think each of these segments we’re seeing progression already with the launches and with the momentum we have with the launches of CoCounsel Legal, Westlaw Advantage, that will continue. October, we had another great month of sales with these new product launches. We expect that to continue for the remainder of Q4 and then throughout 2026. So we’re already reaping the benefits, Kevin. That’s super helpful.

Gary Bisbee, Head of Investor Relations, Thomson Reuters1: And then just the comments on the tax and accounting. Is there any way to think about the experiences of maybe the big four as opposed to maybe the top 10 and maybe mid market as you think about the go to market motion with the enhanced product from a Gen AI perspective?

Mike Eastwood, CFO, Thomson Reuters: Yes. Kevin, just to remind everyone, the big four and the next three largest firms, we call it the Global seven, they are included within our corporate segment, not tax and accounting professionals. But Steve, you may want to comment in regards to the different motion as you think about those G7 versus, the remainder of Elizabeth’s tax and accounting.

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: Yeah. I mean, what I would say is, there’s increasing similarity across the g seven, as we call them, relative to the big four. In other words, firms five, six, and seven are very sophisticated, increasingly global, and investing heavily in technology. And we think we’ll be a beneficiary of that going forward. I think, though, the mix does change a little bit as you get to the sort of top of the ladder there in that they’re more likely to take an API from us and build on the top of it versus take the sort of full end to end product.

So that the kinds of work we do in the go to market motion is slightly different, Kevin. But the opportunity, I think, is equally weighted across that customer base. And if you go all the way into the smaller firms, which Brian Wilson serves from a go to market perspective and he and his teams, you know, they’re ready for turnkey solutions that work, that are reliable, and that build upon their existing tax calculation engine. And so and so there’s a lot of receptivity at that end as well. Terrific.

Gary Bisbee, Head of Investor Relations, Thomson Reuters1: Thank you.

Conference Operator: And our next question is going to come from Andrew Steinerman from JPMorgan.

Gary Bisbee, Head of Investor Relations, Thomson Reuters2: Hey, guys. This is Justin Lembley on for Andrew. Most of my questions have been answered, so maybe I’ll circle back on the government headwinds just to clarify. Am I correct in saying your updated guidance only contemplates cancellations that you saw at the end of the third quarter? And I guess maybe just to give us a little bit more comfort on the go forward, could you maybe talk a little bit more about if those cancellations were driven by reductions in spending at certain departments you serve?

Or was it layoffs? Just any color there would be great.

Mike Eastwood, CFO, Thomson Reuters: Certainly, in regards to our forecast, and we always contemplate what has occurred, plus we always look at the upcoming pipeline. So we have contemplated within our forecast any other activity that might transpire in Q4. So we believe that has been reflected already. And then in regards to the reasons for it, there’s been a reduction in the actual spending levels in these agencies, which was the main driver.

Gary Bisbee, Head of Investor Relations, Thomson Reuters2: Great. Thank you very much.

George Tong, Analyst, Goldman Sachs: Indeed.

Conference Operator: And our next question is going to come from Stephanie Price from CIBC.

Gary Bisbee, Head of Investor Relations, Thomson Reuters3: Hi, good morning. Just a few quick clarifications for me. Mike, I think you’ve kind of alluded to it for a few times in the call, but can you talk about the drivers that are causing the increase to the fiscal twenty twenty six EBITDA guide to 100 basis points versus 50 basis points prior? I think you mentioned some efficiencies, but anything else you wanted to add on there?

Mike Eastwood, CFO, Thomson Reuters: I would say two, Stephanie, two primary drivers. One is the operating leverage at roughly 7%, 7.5%. We generate about 110 basis points of natural operating leverage, which is sustained in our business. The second key factor is our focus on transforming and automate how we work. So if you take those two, that would be more than 100 basis points, but leads to a third key factor, which relates to a question earlier is we’re continuing to make investments.

And we’ll continue to make investments wherever we see the returns are sufficient there. But the two key drivers of margin expansion, operating leverage and then our internal initiative to transform and automate how we work.

Gary Bisbee, Head of Investor Relations, Thomson Reuters3: Perfect. Thank you. And then for the Legal segment, organic growth accelerating quarter over quarter to 9%. I think in the prior question you’d mentioned some new product launches. Just curious if there was anything else you wanted to call out there in terms of shifts in demand or adoption rates within Legal?

Mike Eastwood, CFO, Thomson Reuters: I think the new product launches certainly help us significantly there. Retention rates continue to be very good within that business. Pricing is relatively stable there. Certainly, Stephanie, we always add talent as part of our operating mechanism. So I think those are the key drivers for us.

Steve, you may want to add Yeah.

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: Stephanie, only thing I’d add is way back at our Investor Day a couple of years ago, where we started to talk about this AI journey, we did at that time speculate that the TAM in legal would grow and it would grow on a sustained basis. I think we’re starting to see that. What we’re starting to see is law firms wrestle with the idea of spending more on technology and potentially less on real estate and still trying to sort of work their way through the headcount implications. Think it’s too early to sort of call that one way or another. But we’re starting to see that TAM expand, and we think that that’s going to be a multiyear phenomenon and one that we plan to have the products and the propositions to fully benefit from.

Gary Bisbee, Head of Investor Relations, Thomson Reuters3: Great. Thank you very much.

Conference Operator: And our next question is going to come from Doug Arthur from Research.

Gary Bisbee, Head of Investor Relations, Thomson Reuters4: Yes, thanks. I think most things have been covered. Steve, you mentioned the acute talent shortage issues in some of the big accounting firms. Is that a is there a similar narrative in legal or not so much?

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: Not so much, Doug. It’s you know, as someone who started started my career at PW, as it was called then, Mike did the same. Kids are just not as enamored of the profession as they were in our day. And and so whether it’s the big accounting firms or the midsize or even the smaller shops, they’re just having a really hard time getting talent in the door at the entry level and going through the apprenticeship that’s required. And it’s an acute problem, and it’s been growing for a number of years.

If you look at the number of people who are getting qualified as CPAs, it has fallen dramatically in recent years. And all the while, the number of audits goes up, the complexity of audits goes up, the number of tax returns goes up, the complexity of those returns go up. And the advice that small, medium, and large businesses need from their tax and accounting professionals intensifies. So the demand characteristics are really healthy. It’s the supply of talent that’s the problem, and that’s where the technology has a really, I think, exciting and important role to play.

And that’s why we’re investing heavily to meet or exceed those demands. Thank you. My pleasure, Doug.

Conference Operator: And our next question is going to come from Toni Kaplan from Morgan Stanley. Please go ahead.

Gary Bisbee, Head of Investor Relations, Thomson Reuters5: Thanks so much. Your large competitor in legal has talked about one of the benefits of its partnership with Harvey as increasing distribution. I was hoping you could talk about, Steve, how you’re thinking about partnerships right now. You have the content, you have the AI capabilities, so doesn’t seem like you need to partner with others. But is there an advantage to doing that because of increasing distribution, or is there a disadvantage of going that route?

Thanks.

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: Tony, I won’t comment on their approach. But what I will say is that, we’re very confident in our position of having a co counsel for legal, which is now fully integrated with our content and editorial expertise. And so we don’t see the need for partnerships, the likes of which one of our competitors has entered into or two of our competitors have entered into together. Where we are partnering is where there are point solutions, AI driven point solutions, for example, in sort of the debt capital markets and its application to legal profession, or in very, very specific area of the law, where we think an innovative team has developed a solution that can work in with co counsel. So we’re keen to explore that ecosystem.

But in terms of distribution, we obviously have, the leading distribution in the industry at the moment. So we don’t see a need, there. Thanks for the question, Toni.

Conference Operator: You.

Gary Bisbee, Head of Investor Relations, Thomson Reuters: All right. I think that So brings us to the end of our thanks, everybody. Have a good day.

Steve Hasker, CEO, Thomson Reuters: Thank you. Thank you.

Conference Operator: And this concludes today’s call. We appreciate your participation.

Gary Bisbee, Head of Investor Relations, Thomson Reuters3: You

Conference Operator: may now disconnect.

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